Introduction
Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a prominent West African kingdom that rose in the 15th century. The territory became a French Colony in 1872 and achieved independence on 1 August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged.
Location
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo
Geographic coordinates
9 30 N, 2 15 E
Area
total: 112,620 sq km
water: 2,000 sq km
land: 110,620 sq km
Land boundaries
total: 1,989 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 200 NM
Climate
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Natural resources
small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
Irrigated land
120 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards
hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March
Environment - current issues
inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note
sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands
Population
7,250,033
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)