Introduction
The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002.
Location
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Geographic coordinates
13 28 N, 16 34 W
Area
total: 11,300 sq km
land: 10,000 sq km
water: 1,300 sq km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: not specified
Climate
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Irrigated land
20 sq km (1998 est.)
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Population
1,546,848 (July 2004 est.)