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Africa » Rwanda - HOTELS

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    Rwanda Country Information and Map

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Records By Category in Rwanda

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List of Cities with records in Rwanda

Rwanda Country Information and Map

Country Map

    Introduction


    In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in August and September 2003, respectively - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation. A series of massive population displacements, a nagging Hutu extremist insurgency, and Rwandan involvement in two wars over the past four years in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts.


    Location


    Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo


    Geographic coordinates


    2 00 S, 30 00 E


    Area


    total: 26,338 sq km water: 1,390 sq km land: 24,948 sq km


    Area - comparative


    slightly smaller than Maryland


    Land boundaries


    total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km


    Coastline


    0 km (landlocked)


    Maritime claims


    none (landlocked)


    Climate


    temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible


    Terrain


    mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east


    Elevation extremes


    lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m


    Natural resources


    gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land


    Land use


    arable land: 32.43% permanent crops: 10.13% other: 57.44% (1998 est.)


    Irrigated land


    40 sq km (1998 est.)


    Natural hazards


    periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo


    Environment - current issues


    deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching


    Environment - international agreements


    party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea


    Geography - note


    landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural


    Population


    7,954,013


    Capital


    Kigali


    Phone Code


    +250


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