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Asia » Sri Lanka - HOTELS

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    Sri Lanka Country Information and Map

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Records By Category in Sri Lanka

Hotels

(4)

List of Cities with records in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka Country Information and Map

Country Map

    Introduction


    The Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced beginning in about the mid-third century B.C., and a great civilization developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (kingdom from circa 200 B.C. to circa 1000 A.D.) and Polonnaruwa (from about 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty seized power in the north and established a Tamil kingdom. Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century, the island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; its name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted in violence in the mid-1980s. Tens of thousands have died in an ethnic war that continues to fester. After two decades of fighting, the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam began a ceasefire in December 2001, with Norway brokering peace negotiations.


    Location


    Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India


    Geographic coordinates


    7 00 N, 81 00 E


    Area


    total: 65,610 sq km water: 870 sq km land: 64,740 sq km


    Area - comparative


    slightly larger than West Virginia


    Land boundaries


    0 km


    Coastline


    1,340 km


    Maritime claims


    territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM contiguous zone: 24 NM


    Climate


    tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)


    Terrain


    mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior


    Elevation extremes


    lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Pidurutalagala 2,524 m


    Natural resources


    limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower


    Land use


    arable land: 13.43% permanent crops: 15.78% other: 70.79% (1998 est.)


    Irrigated land


    6,510 sq km (1998 est.)


    Natural hazards


    occasional cyclones and tornadoes


    Environment - current issues


    deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo


    Environment - international agreements


    party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation


    Geography - note


    strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes


    Population


    19,905,165 (2003 est.) note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island; as of yearend 2000, approximately 65,000 were housed in 131 refugee camps in south India, another 40,000 lived outside the Indian camps, and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2004 est.)


    Capital


    Colombo; note - Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital


    Phone Code


    +94


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