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Carribean » Haiti - HOTELS

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    Haiti Country Information and Map

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Records By Category in Haiti

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Haiti Country Information and Map

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    Introduction


    The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. It is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.


    Location


    Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic


    Geographic coordinates


    19 00 N, 72 25 W


    Area


    total: 27,750 sq km land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km


    Area - comparative


    slightly smaller than Maryland


    Land boundaries


    total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km


    Coastline


    1,771 km


    Maritime claims


    territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: to depth of exploitation contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


    Climate


    tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds


    Terrain


    mostly rough and mountainous


    Elevation extremes


    lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m


    Natural resources


    bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower


    Land use


    arable land: 20.3% permanent crops: 12.7% other: 67% (1998 est.)


    Irrigated land


    750 sq km (1998 est.)


    Natural hazards


    lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts


    Environment - current issues


    extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water


    Environment - international agreements


    party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes


    Geography - note


    shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic) People Haiti


    Population


    7,656,166 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)


    Capital


    Port-au-Prince


    Phone Code


    +509


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