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South America » Colombia - HOTELS

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    Colombia Country Information and Map

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Records By Category in Colombia

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Colombia Country Information and Map

Country Map

    Introduction


    Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and Venezuela). A 40-year insurgent campaign to overthrow the Colombian Government escalated during the 1990s, undergirded in part by funds from the drug trade. Although the violence is deadly and large swaths of the countryside are under guerrilla influence, the movement lacks the military strength or popular support necessary to overthrow the government. An anti-insurgent army of paramilitaries has grown to be several thousand strong in recent years, challenging the insurgents for control of territory and illicit industries such as the drug trade and the government's ability to exert its dominion over rural areas. While Bogota steps up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders.


    Location


    Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama


    Geographic coordinates


    4 00 N, 72 00 W


    Area


    total: 1,138,910 sq km land: 1,038,700 sq km note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank water: 100,210 sq km


    Area - comparative


    slightly less than three times the size of Montana


    Land boundaries


    total: 6,004 km border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km


    Coastline


    3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)


    Maritime claims


    territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


    Climate


    tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands


    Terrain


    flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains


    Elevation extremes


    lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation


    Natural resources


    petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower


    Land use


    arable land: 1.9% other: 96.14% (1998 est.) permanent crops: 1.96%


    Irrigated land


    8,500 sq km (1998 est.)


    Natural hazards


    highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts


    Environment - current issues


    deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions


    Environment - international agreements


    party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea


    Geography - note


    only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea


    Population


    42,310,775 (July 2004 est.)


    Capital


    Bogota


    Phone Code


    +57


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