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CARRIBEAN » DOMINICAN REPUBLIC » Country Info & Map

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Introduction

Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere over the past decade.

Location

Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti

Geographic coordinates

19 00 N, 70 40 W

Area

total: 48,730 sq km
land: 48,380 sq km
water: 350 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire

Land boundaries

total: 360 km
border countries: Haiti 360 km

Coastline

1,288 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 6 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

Climate

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall

Terrain

rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys intersper

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m
highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m

Natural resources

nickel, bauxite, gold, silver

Land use

arable land: 21.08%
permanent crops: 9.92%
other: 69% (1998 est.)

Irrigated land

2,590 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards

lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts

Environment - current issues

water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geography - note

shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti

Population

8,833,634 (July 2004 est.)

Capital

Santo Domingo

Phone Code

+1 (809)

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