| Introduction |
| El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. |
| Location |
| Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras |
| Geographic coordinates |
| 13 50 N, 88 55 W |
| Area |
total: 21,040 sq km
water: 320 sq km
land: 20,720 sq km |
| Area - comparative |
| slightly smaller than Massachusetts |
| Land boundaries |
total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km |
| Coastline |
| 307 km |
| Maritime claims |
| territorial sea: 200 NM |
| Climate |
| tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands |
| Terrain |
| mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau |
| Elevation extremes |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m |
| Natural resources |
| hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land |
| Land use |
arable land: 27.27%
permanent crops: 12.11%
other: 60.62% (1998 est.) |
| Irrigated land |
| 360 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards |
| known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
| Environment - current issues |
| deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes |
| Environment - international agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Geography - note |
| smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea |
| Population |
| 6,587,541 (July 2004 est.) |
| Capital |
| San Salvador |
| Phone Code |
| +503 |
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