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EUROPE » NETHERLANDS » Country Info & Map

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Introduction

The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999.

Location

Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and German

Geographic coordinates

52 30 N, 5 45 E

Area

total: 41,526 sq km
water: 7,643 sq km
land: 33,883 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Land boundaries

total: 1,027 km
border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Coastline

451 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM

Climate

temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

Terrain

mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m
highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m

Natural resources

natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land

Land use

arable land: 26.53%
other: 72.44% (1998 est.)
permanent crops: 1.03%

Irrigated land

5,650 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards

flooding

Environment - current issues

water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Geography - note

located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)

Population

16,318,199 (July 2004 est.)

Capital

Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government

Phone Code

+31

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