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AUSTRALIA & OCEANIA » NEW ZEALAND » Country Info & Map

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Introduction

The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.

Location

Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia

Geographic coordinates

41 00 S, 174 00 E

Area

total: 268,680 sq km
note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
water: NA sq km
land: NA sq km

Area - comparative

about the size of Colorado

Land boundaries

0 km

Coastline

15,134 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

Climate

temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Terrain

predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

Natural resources

natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

Land use

arable land: 5.8%
permanent crops: 6.44%
other: 87.76% (1998 est.)

Irrigated land

2,850 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards

earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity

Environment - current issues

deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside

Environment - international agreements

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Geography - note

about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world

Population

3,993,817 (July 2004 est.)

Capital

Wellington

Phone Code

+64

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